Respiratory Tract Infections, Vaccines, and Asthma

8 hours ago

2 min read

For most people, the common cold is a temporary ailment lasting a few days. However, in individuals with asthma, viral infections are the most frequent triggers of asthma attacks. Therefore, protecting yourself from infections and knowing what to do when you are sick is an important part of asthma management.

Why do viruses worsen asthma?

Viral infections cause additional inflammation in the airways. In asthma, the already sensitive airways swell, narrow, and produce more mucus. Viruses such as rhinoviruses (which cause the common cold), influenza virus, RSV, and COVID-19 have been associated with attacks. This is also the most important reason for the increase in attacks in children during the back-to-school period.

What should you do when you get sick?

Do not stop taking your preventative medication. The illness period is when regular treatment is most important.
Review your action plan. If symptoms worsen, follow the steps in the yellow zone of your plan.
Follow your medication regimen. Consult your doctor if your need for relief increases rapidly or if there is no improvement within a few days.
Rest and drink fluids.
Watch out for danger signs. Call 112 if you experience shortness of breath that makes speaking difficult, cyanosis (bluish discoloration), or no response to an inhaler.

Antibiotics do not work against viruses. They are not routinely needed for asthma attacks; they are only recommended if your doctor suspects a bacterial infection.

Protection against infections

Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
Avoid close contact with sick people as much as possible.
When you are sick, consider wearing a mask and resting at home to protect others.
Do not share personal items such as glasses, bottles, and cutlery.
Sufficient sleep, a balanced diet, and physical activity support the immune system.

Vaccines for people with asthma

Vaccines provide protection against certain serious infections that can trigger asthma attacks.

Flu vaccine: International asthma guidelines recommend that individuals with asthma get a flu vaccine every year. The most suitable time is usually in the fall.
COVID-19 vaccine: Administered according to the national vaccination schedule and current recommendations.
Pneumococcal vaccine: May be recommended for some individuals with asthma, depending on age and risk factors.
RSV vaccine and preventive treatments: May be recommended in specific age and risk groups.

Discuss with your doctor which vaccine is right for you or your child and when it should be administered.

Do vaccines worsen asthma?

Vaccines recommended for individuals with asthma are generally safe. Mild and temporary side effects may occur, but the risk of serious infection is far greater than the risk prevented by the vaccine. If you have previously experienced a serious allergic reaction to a vaccine, be sure to inform your healthcare provider before vaccination.

In short

It is impossible to completely prevent infections. However, regular preventive treatment, current vaccinations, simple hygiene measures, and a ready action plan reduce the likelihood of infections developing into asthma attacks.

This article is for informational purposes only. Consult your doctor for information about vaccinations and treatment during illness.