Air Pollution and Asthma
The air we breathe is an invisible but powerful trigger for individuals with asthma. Air pollution both worsens existing asthma and, according to research, can increase the risk of developing asthma, especially in children. For those living in large cities, this is a daily reality.
Which pollutants affect asthma?
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10): Originates from traffic, heating, industry, and construction. Because they are very small, they reach deep into the lungs and increase inflammation in the airways.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2): Produced by fuel combustion, primarily from vehicle exhaust. High levels are found on busy streets.
Ozone: Formed on sunny and hot days as a result of the reaction of exhaust gases with sunlight. It reaches its highest levels on summer afternoons.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2): Produced by the combustion of fuels such as coal and fuel oil. Its levels can increase during winter months due to heating.
What does pollution do to the body?
Pollutants irritate the airways, increase inflammation, and make the bronchi more sensitive to triggers. Coughing, wheezing, and the need for reliever inhalers may increase on days with polluted air. Pollution can also amplify the effects of allergens; for example, days with high levels of both pollen and pollution may be more challenging.
Monitor air quality.
In Türkiye, air quality measurements are published through the National Air Quality Monitoring Network. Some municipalities and weather apps also display the air quality index. You can make it a habit to check air quality when planning your day.
What can be done about polluted air?
Postpone intense outdoor exercise or move it indoors.
Avoid busy streets. If possible, choose quieter side streets or parks.
Choose the times wisely. Hours with less traffic are generally better. Avoid summer afternoons for ozone depletion.
Avoid leaving windows open for extended periods when pollution levels are high. Ventilate during times when the air is cleaner.
Keep your action plan with you. If symptoms worsen, follow the steps in the yellow zone of your plan.
Should masks be used?
Some well-fitting masks can reduce particulate exposure. However, not all masks filter gases, and some may make breathing difficult for some people. Consult your doctor if you are considering wearing a mask.
Indoor air quality is also important.
People spend most of their time indoors. Cigarette smoke, stove and fireplace smoke, gas stoves, strongly scented products, and mold pollute indoor air. You can find detailed information on this topic in our article "A Suitable Home Environment If I Have Asthma".
Air quality in public transportation
Underground stations, enclosed platforms, and busy stops can sometimes have high particulate matter levels. Air quality in public transport directly affects the millions of people who use these vehicles every day, especially passengers with asthma. It is everyone's right to demand measurement and improvement for cleaner air.
Individual measures are not enough.
Individual measures are important, but air pollution is a societal problem. Raising your voice for clean transportation, green spaces, and transparent air quality data protects the health of everyone, not just those with asthma.
This text is for informational purposes only. During periods of high air pollution, please consult your doctor with any questions regarding your treatment.
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