What to do during an asthma attack?

An asthma attack is a rapid narrowing of the airways and a significant worsening of symptoms compared to usual. Attacks can begin within minutes or develop gradually over several days. Early recognition and knowing what to do in advance can save lives.

Early signs of an attack

• Needing a reliever inhaler more often than usual

• Worsening cough, especially at night.

• Chest tightness and wheezing

• Becoming breathless easily during daily tasks or when climbing stairs.

• Peak current value falling below personal best value

These signs often precede a serious attack. Implementing your action plan at this stage can often prevent the attack from worsening.

First steps during the attack

1. Stay calm and sit upright. Do not recline. Sitting with a slight forward lean may make breathing easier. Loosen any tight clothing.

2. Use your reliever inhaler. Follow the dosage and frequency instructions given by your doctor in your treatment plan. Use a spacer if possible.

3. Try to breathe slowly and calmly. Panic can worsen shortness of breath.

4. Move away from the trigger. If there is a trigger such as smoke, dust, or cold air, change the environment.

5. Monitor the response. If symptoms don't improve quickly, don't wait and seek help.

Call 112 immediately if:

• If you are unable to speak, form sentences, or walk due to shortness of breath

• If your lips or nail beds turn purple

• If the intercostal or neck muscles are noticeably pulled inward when breathing

• If the reliever inhaler is not working or its effect is too short-lived

• If there is excessive sleepiness, confusion, or disorientation

• If the peak current value is in the red zone in your action plan

Continue to sit upright and use your reliever inhaler according to your course of action until help arrives.

If you are helping someone

• Speak to the person in a deep, calm tone of voice.

• Help him find and use his inhaler.

• Do not lay the person down; have them sit upright.

• If you see any of these danger signs, call 112 immediately.

After the attack

Even a mild asthma attack can be a sign that your asthma isn't fully under control. See your doctor within a few days of the attack. This is even more important if you went to the emergency room. Together, discuss what triggered the attack, your inhaler technique, and whether your treatment needs updating.

Be prepared

• Always carry your reliever inhaler with you.

• Have a written asthma action plan, and make sure your loved ones know about it too.

• Make sure someone is aware of your asthma in the places where you spend time, such as school, work, or clubs.

This text is for informational purposes only. In case of an emergency, call 112; prepare a personal action plan for attack management with your doctor.